On Friday, August 16th, 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the Monkeypox outbreak (also known as mpox) a public health emergency of international concern, which is the agency’s highest level of alert under international law. With the WHO and Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) closely monitoring the situation, understanding this virus has never been more crucial. While cases have been increasing globally, there’s no need to panic. This guide provides essential information about the monkeypox outbreak in Nigeria, including what to do if you suspect infection.
What is Monkeypox?
Monkeypox, also known as mpox, is a viral infection caused by the monkeypox virus. The virus is zoonotic, meaning it spreads from animals to humans, and it belongs to the same family as smallpox, though it is less severe. It was primarily found in remote areas of Central and West Africa but in recent years, outbreaks have extended beyond Africa, raising global concerns.
What are the symptoms of Monkeypox?
The symptoms of monkeypox usually begin within 5 to 21 days after exposure to the virus. Common monkeypox symptoms include:
- Fever
- Intense headache
- Muscle aches
- Back pain
- Low energy
- Swollen lymph nodes
Typically, within a few days of initial symptoms, a rash develops. It often starts on the face before spreading to other parts of the body, including the hands, feet, and genital area. The rash goes through several stages: it begins as flat red spots, then progresses to raised bumps, followed by fluid-filled blisters, and finally scabs that eventually fall off. This entire process usually takes about 2 to 4 weeks.
It’s important to note that monkeypox symptoms can vary from person to person. Here are some ways you might experience the symptoms:
- You may only develop a rash without any other symptoms, or other symptoms might appear later.
- Some people experience flu-like symptoms first, followed by a rash. In rare cases, some individuals don’t develop a rash at all.
- The rash can be widespread, but for others, it might only appear as a few bumps or blisters.
Interestingly, it’s possible to have monkeypox without realizing it, especially if symptoms are mild. If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s important to seek medical advice promptly. Early detection and proper care can make a significant difference in managing the infection and preventing its spread to others.
How can you catch the Monkeypox virus?
The monkeypox virus spreads primarily through direct contact with an infected person or animal. You can catch the virus in several ways:
Human-to-human transmission:
- Direct contact: Touching an infected person’s rash, scabs, or body fluids.
- Respiratory droplets: Prolonged face-to-face contact can result in the inhalation of respiratory droplets from an infected person.
- Fomites: Contact with contaminated objects like bedding, towels, or clothing used by an infected person.
Animal-to-human transmission:
- Bites or scratches from animals like rodents or monkeys that carry the virus.
- Consuming undercooked meat from infected animals.
Healthcare workers and caregivers are also at a higher risk due to their frequent exposure to infected individuals.
What can you do if you catch the Monkeypox virus?
If you suspect you have contracted monkeypox:
- Isolate yourself immediately to prevent the spreading of the virus
- Contact your healthcare provider or local health authorities – 112 for emergency, 6232 for The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC)
- Follow medical advice for symptom management and treatment
- Avoid scratching or touching the rash to prevent secondary infections
- Keep the rash area clean and dry
How is Monkeypox treated?
Mpox is a self-limited disease which means it usually gets better on its own. This takes two to four weeks. While there’s no specific cure, doctors focus on making you feel better and preventing complications.
Treatment includes the following:
- Pain relief and fever management: Over-the-counter medications can help with pain and fever.
- Antiviral drugs: Tecovirimat (Tpoxx) has been approved in some countries for treating monkeypox.
- Hydration and rest: Staying hydrated and getting enough rest is super important for recovery.
Severe cases, though rare, may require more intensive care, particularly in individuals with compromised immune systems.
How can one prevent Monkeypox?
Preventing monkeypox involves a combination of personal hygiene and awareness:
- Avoid close contact: Steer clear of individuals who show symptoms of monkeypox.
- Practice good hygiene: Wash your hands regularly with soap and water or use alcohol-based hand sanitizers.
- Be cautious with animals: Avoid contact with wild or stray animals, especially in areas with reported outbreaks.
- Use protective gear: Healthcare workers and caregivers should use personal protective equipment (PPE) when attending to infected individuals.
- Vaccination: If you’re at high risk, getting vaccinated is important. Smallpox vaccines also protect against monkeypox. High-risk individuals include:
– Those in close contact with infected persons
– Recent sexual partners of monkeypox patients
– Attendees of venues where monkeypox spread|
Plus if you’re a man who has sex with men, a transgender person or a nonbinary person, you may also be at risk if you’ve:
– Been diagnosed with one or more sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the past six months. This includes acute HIV, gonorrhoea, syphilis, chancroid or chlamydia.
– Had sex with more than one person in the past six months.
Consult a healthcare provider to assess your risk and vaccination needs.
What to do if you suspect you have Monkeypox?
If you think you have contracted monkeypox, take these steps:
Isolate yourself immediately: This helps prevent the virus from spreading to others.
Contact a Healthcare Provider: They can conduct tests to confirm the diagnosis and recommend appropriate care.
Monitor symptoms: Keep track of your symptoms and follow your doctor’s advice on managing them.
Notify close contacts: Inform those you’ve been in close contact with so they can monitor for symptoms and take preventive measures.
What is the current situation of Monkeypox in Nigeria?
As of August 2024, Nigeria is still managing localized outbreaks of monkeypox. The NCDC has confirmed 39 cases this year, with most occurring in Lagos and other major cities. While no deaths have been reported, the authorities are urging the public to remain vigilant, especially in high-risk areas. High risk areas include Lagos, Enugu, Kano, Rivers, Cross-River, Akwa-Ibom, Adamawa, Taraba, and Abuja. Public health campaigns are emphasizing awareness, hygiene, and prompt reporting of suspected cases.
FAQs about Monkeypox
Can monkeypox kill you?
While monkeypox can be severe, it is rarely fatal. The mortality rate is generally low, especially with proper medical care. However, complications can occur, particularly in people with weakened immune systems.
What’s the difference between chickenpox and monkeypox?
While both cause rashes, chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, while monkeypox is caused by the monkeypox virus. The rashes look different, and monkeypox often causes more severe symptoms and lymph node swelling.
What’s the difference between smallpox and monkeypox?
Smallpox and monkeypox are caused by different viruses, though they belong to the same family. Smallpox was much deadlier, but it was eradicated globally in 1980. Monkeypox, while similar, is far less fatal.
How is monkeypox transmitted?
Monkeypox is transmitted through close contact with an infected person, animal, or contaminated materials. This can include skin-to-skin contact, respiratory droplets, or touching infected objects.
Is monkeypox contagious?
Yes, monkeypox is contagious. It can spread from person to person through close contact, especially with the rash, bodily fluids, or respiratory secretions of an infected individual.
The monkeypox outbreak in Nigeria is a public health concern, but with the right information, you can stay safe. If you experience any symptoms or suspect you’ve been exposed, don’t wait—speak to a Doctor immediately.
At Clafiya, you can connect with a Doctor within five minutes to get the guidance you need.
