There’s a cholera outbreak in Nigeria, and it has raised significant concerns among residents. Here’s a detailed guide on what cholera is, why there’s an outbreak right now, how you can prevent it, recognize the symptoms, and what to do if you or someone you know gets sick.
What is cholera?
Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is a serious disease that can lead to severe dehydration and even death if untreated. The infection is typically spread through contaminated water or food, making it a significant concern in areas with poor sanitation and water quality.
Why is a cholera outbreak happening in Lagos?
During the rainy season, heavy rains flood the city, leading to contaminated water sources. Poor sanitation and lack of clean drinking water exacerbate the situation, making Lagos particularly susceptible to cholera outbreaks.
However, this is not an issue limited to Lagos alone, cholera is spreading across Nigeria. The Nigeria Center for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) has urged residents across the country to adhere strictly to preventive measures to control the outbreak. They emphasise the importance of hygiene, safe drinking water, and early treatment to reduce fatalities.
How can I prevent cholera?
Preventing cholera is pretty simple. Here are a few precautions you can take every day to keep you and your family safe.
1. Drink and use clean water
Always boil or treat tap water before drinking or using it for cooking and washing. Stick to packaged water to prevent contamination.
2. Practice good hygiene
Wash your hands regularly with soap and clean water, especially after using the bathroom and before eating. Wash your hands when you return home from any outing as well.
3. Cook food well
If possible, during this period, make your own meals. Make sure food is cooked thoroughly and kept covered. Avoid raw or undercooked seafood.
4. Use proper sanitation facilities
Make sure you use proper sanitation facilities and avoid open defecation. Examples include using flush toilets, pit latrines, or composting toilets.
What are the symptoms of Cholera?
Recognizing the symptoms of cholera early can save lives. Here are the key red flags to look out for:
1. Severe diarrhoea
Cholera is marked by profuse, watery diarrhoea often described as “rice-water stools” due to its appearance. This can lead to severe dehydration within a few hours.
2. Vomiting
Another symptom of cholera is frequent vomiting. This also leads to fluid loss and dehydration.
3. Dehydration
Cholera’s main symptom is severe dehydration. Signs of dehydration include:
– Thirst
– Dry mouth and mucous membranes
– Sunken eyes
– Reduced skin turgor (skin tenting)
– Low blood pressure
– Rapid heart rate
– Dizziness or lightheadedness
– Lethargy or unconsciousness in severe cases
4. Muscle cramps
Due to dehydration, painful muscle cramps occur as the body experiences electrolyte imbalances, particularly low levels of potassium.
What to do if you experience symptoms of cholera
If you or someone you know is experiencing any of these symptoms, it’s important to seek medical attention immediately. Early treatment can significantly improve outcomes and reduce the risk of severe dehydration and death.
Can cholera be treated?
Yes, with early and proper treatment, even people with severe cholera can survive. Cholera can be effectively treated with rehydration solutions and antibiotics. Oral rehydration salts (ORS) are essential for replacing lost fluids and electrolytes. Severe cases may require intravenous fluids and more intensive medical care.
How to make Oral Rehydration Solution at home
Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) can be made at home using the following recipe:
* Mix 1 litre of clean or boiled water (cooled).
* Add 6 teaspoons of sugar.
* Add 1/2 teaspoon of salt.
* Stir the mixture until the sugar and salt dissolve completely.
Drink as much as possible and if your symptoms persist, don’t hesitate to reach out to Clafiya to be connected to a Doctor immediately.
If you prefer already-made oral rehydration salts (ORS), you can get some at our Health and Wellness Hub.
Staying informed and prepared is your best defence against cholera. Share this blog post to help spread awareness and protect everyone around you. Remember, with the right knowledge and precautions, you can protect yourself and your loved ones from this serious illness.
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